![]() In the case of court cards, this entailed cutting off the lower half of the image and replacing it with an inverted copy of the top half usually, but not always, with a horizontal or sloping dividing line between the two halves. During the 19th century, card manufacturers began designing double-headed cards so that the cards could be readily identified whichever way up they were. Germany uses A, K, D and B ( Ass, König, Dame and Bube) Russia uses the Cyrillic letters Т, К, Д and В ( Tuz, Korol, Dama and Valet) Sweden uses E, K, D and Kn ( Ess, Kung, Dam and Knekt) and France uses 1, R, D, V ( As, Roi, Dame, and Valet).Īll early playing cards were single headed (also called single ended). In other countries the letters may vary, although the English versions are also sometimes used. In English-speaking countries they are lettered A, K, Q and J for Ace, King, Queen and Jack. ![]() For the Ace and court cards, this label is the initial letter or letters of the name of that card. Modern playing cards carry index labels on opposite corners or in all four corners to facilitate identifying the cards when they overlap and so that they appear identical for players on opposite sides. There are also numerous others such as the Berlin pattern, Nordic pattern, Dondorf Rhineland pattern (pictured right) and the variants of the European pattern. The second most common is the Belgian-Genoese pattern, which was designed in France for export and spread to Spain, Italy, the Ottoman Empire, the Balkans and much of North Africa and the Middle East. The most popular standard pattern of the French deck is the English pattern (pictured above), sometimes referred to as the International pattern or Anglo-American pattern. Main article: French-suited playing cards The Jokers can also be used as replacements for lost or damaged cards. In addition, commercial decks often include anywhere from one to six (most often two or three since the mid-20th century) Jokers, often distinguishable with one being more colourful than the other, as some card games require these extra cards. Each pip card displays the number of pips (symbols of the suit) corresponding to its number, as well as the appropriate numeral (except "A" for the Ace) in at least two corners. The card with one pip is known as an Ace. Each suit also includes ten numeral cards or pip cards, from one (Ace) to ten. Each suit includes three court cards (face cards), King, Queen and Jack, with reversible ( double-headed) images. In other regions, such as Spain and Switzerland, the traditional standard pack comprises 36, 40 or 48 cards.Ī standard 52-card French-suited deck comprises 13 ranks in each of the four suits: clubs ( ♣), diamonds ( ♦), hearts ( ♥) and spades ( ♠). In addition to those, there are other major international and regional patterns including standard 52-card packs, for example, in Italy that use Italian-suited cards. The second most common is the Belgian-Genoese pattern, designed in France, but whose use spread to Spain, Italy, the Ottoman Empire, the Balkans and much of North Africa and the Middle East. The most common pattern of French-suited cards worldwide and the only one commonly available in Britain and the United States is the English pattern pack. In English-speaking countries it is the only traditional pack used for playing cards in many countries of the world, however, it is used alongside other traditional, often older, standard packs with different suit systems such as those with German-, Italian-, Spanish- or Swiss suits. The standard 52-card deck of French-suited playing cards is the most common pack of playing cards used today. Cards from a standard, English or Anglo-American pattern, deck
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